Experiences for Geriatric Care from Nursing Students' Knowledge: A Qualitative Approach.

(1) Background: Studies have shown that clinical experience has an impact on how students perceive geriatric care. The vulnerability of older people particularly allows students to reflect on and evaluate their learning. In this context, communication between tutors and students is important to guiding a contextualized view of the complexity of clinical situations. The principal objective was to explore the feelings, perceptions, and experiences of nursing students in geriatric care units during their practices. (2) Methods: This is a qualitative study using content analysis where the data collected were analyzed deductively. An intentional sample of 81 nursing degree students enrolled in the subject of clinical practices. During these sessions, a dynamic discussion forum was incorporated. (3) Results: There were 6 forums with a total of 591 participants, with an average of 98.5 per forum. Four categories emerged: humanization, geriatric nurse, aging, and learning. (4) Conclusions: A change of management oriented to the person-centered model would improve the quality in the residences and as well as in the expectations of the students towards geriatric nursing. Changing perspectives could be a way to confront and become aware of the fallacies of care that have been evidenced. This study was not registered.

A Hybrid Methodology for the Evaluation of Clinical Practice in Final-Year Nursing Students.

(1) Background: Clinical practice constitutes a scenario where the student approaches reality. The pedagogical relationship that is built between the nurse, the tutors and the student becomes important. And this requires intentional and reflective accompaniment. The principal objective was to design a hybrid-learner-centered training model requiring reflection and acquisition of specific skills. (2) Methodology: This was a prospective observational study using an intentional sample of 87 students. A hybrid model based on a dynamic virtual forum and Individual Improvement Plan (IIP) was constructed, evaluated using a self-completed questionnaire with a Likert scale. (3) Results: A model of accompaniment to the practices was built that allows for unifying a work plan. A transversal activity IIP was designed. A discussion forum was incorporated for each subject tutor. The analysis of the questionnaire showed that learning assessment, tutorials, virtual forums, self-assessment and satisfaction statistically differed. (4) Conclusions: The model allows students to be accompanied to acquire skills, knowledge, and attitudes and to develop critical thinking, as well as to improve the teaching quality of the practices of the Curriculum of the Nursing degree and to achieve their own competences through student-centered methodologies. This study was not registered.

The Impact of COVID-19 Confinement on Substance Use and Mental Health in Portuguese Higher Education Students.

The mental health of higher education students is a constant concern, and the pandemic situation caused by COVID-19 has intensified this concern. The social measures imposed to control and minimize the disease have led, among other things, to the reconfiguration of higher education students' academic life habits, which has naturally altered their emotional balance, mental health, and substance abuse. This cross-sectional, descriptive, and correlational study assesses the influence of higher education students' personal characteristics on their (self-reported) use of addictive substances (alcohol, tobacco, drugs, and pharmaceutical drugs) before and during their first compulsory confinement in Portugal, as well as its relationship with mental health. An online questionnaire was applied between 15 April and 20 May 2020, to students from various study cycles of higher education institutions in one region of Portugal (northern area of Alentejo), which included the Mental Health Inventory in its reduced version (MHI-5) and questions (constructed by the authors) on personal characterization and on the use of addictive substances before and during confinement. The convenience sample included 329 mostly female health care students between the ages of 18 and 24. In our results, we found a statistically significant decrease in tobacco, alcohol, and drug use; however, there was an increase in tobacco use among older students and an increase in anxiolytic use among students with higher academic achievement and among students who exhibited more active social behavior in the period prior to confinement. Students who took anxiolytics during confinement had higher MHI-5 scores and students who used the most addictive substances during confinement had lower MHI-5 scores than the other students.

Patient Safety Training Programs for Health Care Professionals: A Scoping Review.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to map the evidence available on patient safety training programs for health professionals. METHODS: A scoping review was carried out. Several studies published between January 2010 and March 2020 in the following databases were investigated: CINAHL; MEDLINE; Nursing & Allied Health Collection: Comprehensive; Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials; Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews; Cochrane; MedicLatina , via EBSCOhost; World Health Organization; Google Scholar; BVS- Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde ; PubMed; B-On; and RCAAP- Repositórios Científicos de Acesso Aberto de Portugal . RESULTS: A total of 2841 articles were found, 7 were included. Most studies report that the development of patient safety programs for health care professionals provides them with tools and techniques to recognize adverse incidents induced by the professional system/practice; recognize human factors related to patient safety, such as nontechnical skills or tiredness; understand high-risk clinical processes; develop strategies that influence and enhance patient safety culture; promote communication, teamwork, and organizational culture concerning patient safety; analyze other characteristic and emerging topics in patient safety; and develop project proposals to improve patient safety, allowing health care professionals to consolidate their knowledge, leading initiatives to improve patient safety. CONCLUSIONS: There are still few studies that test patient safety training programs, which is a concern given the importance of implementing safe practices. The existing evidence proves the efficacy of the training programs in improving patient safety, although there are some gaps.

Literacy and Mental Health of Portuguese Higher Education Students and Their Use of Health Promotion Strategies during Confinement in the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The pandemic of COVID-19 caused significant changes in economies and societies with a major impact on the entire education process. However, these changes did not invalidate a constant effort of adaptation. This cross-sectional, descriptive, and correlational study used an online questionnaire administered to students from various study cycles at higher education institutions in Portugal, with the aim of exploring the influence of literacy and mental health on the use of mental health promotion strategies during COVID-19 confinement. A total of 329 students from higher education institutions participated in this study, mostly from the age group 18-24 years (n = 272; 82.7%) and female (n = 265, 80.5%). The most mentioned health promotion strategies during this period included studying (n = 170; 51.7%); physical activities (n = 151, 45.9%); social networking (n = 124, 37.7%); cooking activities (n = 120, 36.5%); and listening to music (n = 118, 35.9%). Academic success is self-reported, and it is weakly correlated with the MHI5 (r = 0.103, p = 0.063). Students in the pre-graduate programs studied more during the times of the pandemic and used this activity as a mental-health-promoting strategy with a statistically significant difference (p = 0.033). Although it was difficult to improve health literacy related to COVID-19 in such a short period of time, there was a very strong motivation to access, understand, evaluate, communicate, synthesize, and apply information and knowledge to maintain mental health through self-care using health promotion strategies.

Stressor Factors for Spanish Nursing Students in a Pandemic Context: An Observational Pilot Survey.

BACKGROUND: The context of the pandemic in Spain meant a high demand for care. The purpose of this pilot work was to determine the stress factors, conducted on final-year nursing students at a Spanish university, who volunteered to carry out healthcare tasks, in pandemic and post-pandemic contexts. METHODS: An observational prospective cohort pilot survey was conducted with an intentional sampling of the forty-seven students. We collected sociodemographic and stressor data using the validated KEZKAK questionnaire. The STROBE checklist was used to evaluate the study. RESULTS: The median scores obtained from nursing students incorporated as auxiliary health workers are lower than those who were not incorporated, and statistically significant differences were found: lack of skills and abilities (p = 0.016); relationship with tutors and colleagues (p = 0.004); impotence and uncertainty (p = 0.011); inability to manage the relationship with the patient (p = 0.009); emotional involvement (p = 0.032); distress caused by the relationship with patients and item overload (p = 0.039); and overload items (p = 0.011). The post-pandemic only maintained "lack of skill and abilities" (p = 0.048), from nursing students incorporated as auxiliary health workers. CONCLUSION: This pilot study showed that nursing students who joined as auxiliary health personnel presented less perceived stress than non-incorporated nursing students. Still, more prospectively designed clinical research is needed.

New Life Transition of Former Caregivers: Positive Mental Health Approach.

After the end of their time as a caregiver, former caregivers have needs and feelings that have been subject to little study to date. The aim of the study is to determine and analyse the feelings, perceptions and practices of former caregivers in the reconstruction of their daily lives. This is a qualitative study based on the Grounded Theory developed by Charmaz. The study involved 14 former caregivers who had cared for their relative for more than 2 years and who had stopped caring for them more than 2 years previously. Fourteen in-depth interviews were conducted and data were collected over 13 months between 2015 and 2017. Data were analysed using the Grounded Theory Method. In addition, this study was approved by the ethics committee of the Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol. The former caregiver experiences a transition, which begins in the days before the death of their relative and may continue for more than 3 years. Three critical moments in the post-caring transition were found: (1) the post-caring emptiness; (2) the end of the period as a caregiver; and (3) the movement towards a new life. Family and professional support is needed during this transition. Former caregivers experience a transition in the rebuilding of their daily lives; furthermore, former caregivers may be a source of support for other caregivers, which is linked to positive mental health factors. Healthcare organisations need to acknowledge the emotional, psychosocial and psychological health of former caregivers.

The experiences of parents as caregivers of adolescents with mental illnesses, the impact of the crisis and the admission to a day hospital.

AIM: The aim of this study was to analyze the caregiving experience of parents whose adolescent children with a mental illness require admission to a day treatment hospital for mental health services. METHOD: The study used qualitative interpretative research methods. A total of 18 parents participated in the semi-structured interviews. Data were then transcribed and analyzed in accordance with established methods for the analysis of inductive thematic data. RESULTS: Seven themes were identified: questioning an unseen disease, abnormal behavior, a long road, truancy and loss of parental authority, internalized stigma on admission, regaining the meaning of life and an uncertain future. DISCUSSION: The experience of the parents was analyzed and various emotional, psychological and interpersonal barriers were found that influenced the help-seeking for the adolescent's treatment. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Nursing interventions should be based on detecting barriers and validating the experience of parents with mentally ill adolescents.

Social Media Use and Its Association with Mental Health and Internet Addiction among Portuguese Higher Education Students during COVID-19 Confinement.

The use of social media was one of the most common way to keep in touch with friends and family during confinement. For higher education students, the fact that their universities were closed was a major change in their lives. The aim of this study is to relate the prevalence and type of social media with Internet addiction and mental health of university students in a district of Portugal during COVID-19 confinement. Mental health was studied by applying the reduced version of the Mental Health Inventory (MHI-5) and to measure the Internet use and dependence, the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) was used. The study (cross-sectional, descriptive, and correlational) used an online questionnaire, conducted on Google® Forms and the link was sent to 4450 students, in the months of April to June 2020, during the confinement. A total of 329 valid questionnaires were obtained. We can conclude that regarding mental health, students in the 18-24 age group, single or divorced and who are not in a relationship, and with worse academic results, show worse levels of mental health. It is noteworthy that the students with the same characteristics also have the highest levels of addiction to internet.

The emotional responses of women when terminating a pregnancy for medical reasons: A scoping review.

BACKGROUND: In most countries of the world the only basis for considering a termination of pregnancy is for medical reasons. Depending on the circumstances and determinants of each case, the emotional responses to this event vary greatly. The aim of this study is to map the emotional responses of women when their pregnancy is terminated for medical reasons. METHODS: A scoping review was carried out. This covered all types of qualitative and quantitative studies published in English or Spanish since 2014 which included first-person accounts of women's emotional responses when they had a termination. A bibliographic search was made of four databases (CINAHL, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO and Pubmed) along with an additional manual search and backward and forward citation chaining of the studies included. The data were reported in narrative form and the results grouped according to the descriptive characteristics of the study and the emotions involved. FINDINGS: The review process resulted in the inclusion of thirty-four studies. nineteen of these followed a qualitative approach and fifteen used quantitative methodology, with six of them being intervention studies. The emotions found ranged from anxiety and depression to guilt and thankfulness, so various authors stressed the need to improve training for health professionals to provide information, advice and support to the women during the entire process of the termination of pregnancy for medical reasons. CONCLUSIONS: The available studies cannot be compared given the variety of designs. The predominant emotions underlying the termination for medical reasons were stress, anxiety and depression. Future research should be carried out using samples of participants covering all causes of termination for medical reasons in a particular context so that an intervention can be designed to help lessen the impact of the process on women's mental health.

A method to determine a personalized set of online exercises for improving the positive mental health of a caregiver of a chronically ill patient.

BACKGROUND: Taking care of chronic or long-term patients at home is an arduous task. Non-professional caregivers suffer the consequences of doing so, especially in terms of their mental health. Performing some simple activities through a mobile phone app may improve their mindset and consequently increase their positivity. However, each caregiver may need support in different aspects of positive mental health. In this paper, a method is defined to calculate the utility of a set of activities for a particular caregiver in order to personalize the intervention plan proposed in the app. METHODS: Based on the caregivers' answers to a questionnaire, a modular averaging method is used to calculate the personal level of competence in each positive mental health factor. A reward-penalty scoring procedure then assigns an overall impact value to each activity. Finally, the app ranks the activities using this impact value. RESULTS: The results of this new personalization method are provided based on a pilot test conducted on 111 caregivers. The results indicate that a conjunctive average is appropriate at the first stage and that reward should be greater than penalty in the second stage. CONCLUSIONS: The method presented is able to personalize the intervention plan by determining the best order of carrying out the activities for each caregiver, with the aim of avoiding a high level of deterioration in any factor.

A Mobile App-Based Intervention Program for Nonprofessional Caregivers to Promote Positive Mental Health: Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: While nonprofessional caregivers often experience a sense of fulfillment when they provide care, there is also a significant risk of emotional and physical burnout. Consequently, this can negatively affect both the caregiver and the person being cared for. Intervention programs can help empower nonprofessional caregivers of people with chronic diseases and develop solutions to decrease the physical and psychological consequences resulting from caregiving. However, most clinically tested intervention programs for nonprofessional caregivers require face-to-face training, and many caregivers encounter obstacles that hinder their participation in such programs. Consequently, it is necessary to design internet-based intervention programs for nonprofessional caregivers that address their needs and test the efficacy of the programs. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a smartphone app-based intervention program to increase positive mental health for nonprofessional caregivers. METHODS: This study was a randomized controlled trial of 3 months' duration. A total of 152 caregivers over 18 years of age with a minimum of 4 months' experience as nonprofessional caregivers were recruited from primary health care institutions. Nonprofessional caregivers were randomized into two groups. In the intervention group, each caregiver installed a smartphone app and used it for 28 days. This app offered them daily activities that were based on 10 recommendations to promote positive mental health. The level of positive mental health, measured using the Positive Mental Health Questionnaire (PMHQ), and caregiver burden, measured using the 7-item short-form version of the Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview (ZBI-7), were the primary outcomes. Users' satisfaction was also measured. RESULTS: In all, 113 caregivers completed the study. After the first month of the intervention, only one factor of the PMHQ, F1-Personal satisfaction, showed a significant difference between the groups, but it was not clinically relevant (0.96; P=.03). However, the intervention group obtained a higher mean change for the overall PMHQ score (mean change between groups: 1.40; P=.24). The results after the third month of the intervention showed an increment of PMHQ scores. The mean difference of change in the PMHQ score showed a significant difference between the groups (11.43; P<.001; d=0.82). Significant changes were reported in 5 of the 6 factors, especially F5-Problem solving and self-actualization (5.69; P<.001; d=0.71), F2-Prosocial attitude (2.47; P<.001; d=1.18), and F3-Self-control (0.76; P=.03; d=0.50). The results of the ZBI-7 showed a decrease in caregiver burden in the intervention group, although the results were inconclusive. Approximately 93.9% (46/49) of the app users indicated that they would recommend the app to other caregivers and 56.3% (27/49) agreed that an extension of the program's duration would be beneficial. CONCLUSIONS: The app-based intervention program analyzed in this study was effective in promoting positive mental health and decreasing the burden of caregivers and achieved a high range of user satisfaction. This study provides evidence that mobile phone app-based intervention programs may be useful tools for increasing nonprofessional caregivers' well-being. The assessment of the effectiveness of intervention programs through clinical trials should be a focus to promote internet-based programs in health policies. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN Registry ISRCTN14818443; http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN14818443. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): RR2-10.1186/s12889-019-7264-5.

Mobile Applications for Caregivers of Individuals with Chronic Conditions and/or Diseases: Quantitative Content Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Mobile health applications can help empowering caregivers and promote their wellbeing and their quality of life. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the technical and functional characteristics of mobile health applications designed for caregivers of individuals with chronic conditions and/or diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Systematic search of mobile health applications for smartphones (apps) based on the PRISMA standard for systematic reviews on the App Store and Google Play store during May and June 2018. A second search was carried out on the Pubmed and Google Scholar database to determine whether the applications had been tested or evaluated with results published in scientific journals and then a third search was performed on the Spanish health apps catalogs to evaluate the quality and security of the selected apps. RESULTS: 746 available health apps were identified and 43 were included in this paper. 67% (n = 29) of the apps were aimed exclusively at informal caregivers, 51% (n = 22) were designed to support caregivers and only 21% (n = 9) of them provided any sort of social or emotional support. The screening in Pubmed and Google Scholar determined that the apps analyzed lacked published papers and most of the apps (84%; n = 36) lacked approval from official agencies supporting their usage. DISCUSSION: The apps available on the market that meet the actual needs of caregivers are limited. Most of the apps were aimed at improving the care of the individual with a chronic illness. CONCLUSION: Despite the remarkable benefits of mHealth regarding the care of chronic diseases, a relatively poor contribution has been made to support caregivers. Customized apps, interventions assessing their effectiveness and adequate evidence are needed to understand the impact of this digital tool on caregivers' health.

Effectiveness of health web-based and mobile app-based interventions designed to improve informal caregiver's well-being and quality of life: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Internet-based interventions can help empower caregivers of people with chronic diseases and can develop solutions to decrease the physical and psychological consequences resulting from caregiving. OBJECTIVE: Analysing the effectiveness of health web-based and/or mobile app-based interventions with regard to the level of well-being and quality of life of informal caregivers in charge of people with chronic diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Systematic review of the following databases: Pubmed, Apa PsycINFO, ProQuest Health & Medical Complete and Scopus. Quality standards established by PRISMA and Joanna Briggs Institute Systematic Review Approach have been followed. The two phases of the selection process were carried out independently and a cross-case comparative analysis by three reviewers. RESULTS: A total of 17 studies met inclusion criteria. The analysis shows that almost all studies involved web-based interventions with the exception of one which concerned a mobile app-based intervention. Most of them prove their effectiveness in the overall well-being of the caregiver and more specifically in the mental dimension, highlighting a decrease in caregivers' anxiety and/or distress, depression symptoms and sense of competence. CONCLUSIONS: The findings support that web-based interventions have an impact mainly on caregivers' well-being. Nevertheless, other dimensions that are necessary for caregiving, such as physical, mental and social dimension, have been scarcely explored. More studies on mobile app-based interventions are needed to know their effectiveness.

Experiencia de los adolescentes al ingreso en un hospital de dia de salud mental: descubriendo el estigma internalizado / Adolescent's experiences of the admission to a day hospital program: discovering the internalized stigma

INTRODUCCIÓN: El impacto de la crisis en la enfermedad y la admisión a un hospital de día son acontecimientos de excepcional trascendencia para los adolescentes. Hasta la fecha, la literatura ha prestado poca atención a las experiencias de los adolescentes en esta transición múltiple. OBJETIVO: El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la experiencia de los adolescentes con una enfermedad mental que requieren de un ingreso en un hospital de día de salud mental. MÉTODO: El estudio utilizó métodos de investigación cualitativos. Un total de 13 adolescentes participó en las entrevistas semiestructuradas. Los datos se transcribieron y analizaron de acuerdo con los métodos establecidos para el análisis de datos temáticos inductivos. RESULTADOS: Se identificaron cinco temas: la lucha contra uno mismo, una montaña que me va aplastando, la presión de la Educación Secundaria Obligatoria, inscrito en una institución psiquiátrica y ser como los otros. DISCUSIÓN: El análisis de los textos de los adolescentes nos reveló un fuerte estigma internalizado, barreras emocionales, psicológicas e interpersonales que se acumularon en forma de experiencias negativas que influyeron y aumentaron su sufrimiento. CONCLUSIONES: Los esfuerzos para reducir el estigma hacia los niños y adolescentes con diagnósticos de enfermedad mental obtienen la capacidad de acumular beneficios a largo plazo. Las intervenciones de enfermería de salud mental en adolescentes deben basarse en la detección de las barreras y la validación de la experiencia de los adolescentes

INTRODUCTION: The crucial moments for adolescents with mental illness are the impact of the crisis and the admission to a day hospital program. Till the date the literature has paid little attention to the experiences of parents in this multiple transition. AIM: The aim of this study was to analyse the experience of adolescents with a mental illness who require admission to a day hospital. METHOD: The study used qualitative research methods. A total of 13 adolescents participated in the semistructured interviews. Data was then transcribed and analysed in accordance with established methods for the analysis of inductive thematic data. RESULTS: Five themes were identified: the fight against oneself, a mountain that is crushing me, the pressure of Compulsory Secondary Education, enrolment in a psychiatric institution and I want to be like the others. DISCUSSION: The analysis of the texts of the adolescents revealed a strong internalized stigma along with emotional, psychological and interpersonal barriers that accumulated in the form of negative experiences, these influenced and increased their suffering. CONCLUSIONS: Efforts to reduce stigma towards children and adolescents with mental illness diagnoses facilitate the accumulation of long-term benefits. Adolescent mental health nursing interventions should be based on detecting barriers and validating the experience of adolescents

A multi-centre, randomized, 3-month study to evaluate the efficacy of a smartphone app to increase caregiver's positive mental health.

BACKGROUND: To assess the effectiveness of a smartphone app-based intervention compared to a regular intervention of caregivers in primary health care institutions. The intervention is aimed at increasing positive mental health and decreasing caregiver's burden. METHODS/DESIGN: Randomized and controlled trial with an experimental group and a control group. SUBJECTS: 108 caregivers over 18, with a minimum of 4 months of experience as caregivers. Description of the intervention: an intervention with a smartphone app (n = 54) or a regular intervention for caregivers (n = 54). Each caregiver installs a smartphone app and uses it for 28 days. This app offers them a daily activity (Monday-Friday). These activities are related to the Decalogue of Positive Mental Health, which was designed ad hoc by a group of experts. The outcomes will be the score of caregiver burden, the positive mental health and participant satisfaction. These results will be assessed after the first, third and sixth month. DISCUSSION: The results of this study will offer evidence of the effectiveness of an intervention using a free smartphone app. If its effectiveness is proven and the results are acceptable, this could lead to a rethinking of the intervention offered to caregivers in primary care. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical Register ISRCTN14818443 (date: 24/05/2019).

Apoyo tecnológico a los cuidadores no profesionales de personas con enfermedades crónicas / Technological support for non-professional caregivers for patients with chronic conditions

OBJETIVO: identificar el uso y las potencialidades de las Tecnologías de la Información y de la Comunicación (TIC) en los cuidadores no profesionales de personas con enfermedades crónicas. MÉTODO: se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de la literatura publicada entre 2008 y 2014 en las bases de datos Scopus, Cuiden,I Cercador Plus, Teseo, Pubmed, Cinahl, Proquest Health & Medical Complete y el buscador Google Academic, sobre el uso de las tecnologías en personas cuidadoras. RESULTADOS: se seleccionaron 13 artículos. El análisis de los artículos ha identificado que las TIC: ayudan a los cuidadores no profesionales a adquirir conocimientos y habilidades, son un medio de comunicación que ofrece un estímulo social y cognitivo útil y disminuye la sobrecarga del cuidador, así como la ansiedad, el estrés y los conflictos familiares y/o conyugales. Aunque hay diferentes servicios de apoyo presenciales, los cuidadores los subutilizan por falta de tiempo, derivado de cuidar a la persona enferma, y por limitaciones geográficas, dificultades de transporte y/o problemas de salud. CONCLUSIONES: las TIC pueden contribuir a una mejora de calidad de vida de los cuidadores y pueden configurar un nuevo modelo de atención. Es imprescindible diseñar programas de intervención utilizando estas tecnologías. En España son escasas las publicación es sobre el tema, especialmente si se habla de estudios que traten de la eficacia del uso de las tecnologías como soporte a las cuidadoras

OBJECTIVE: to identify the use and potentialities of Information and Communication Technologies (ITC) in non-professional caregivers for persons with chronic conditions. METHOD: a bibliographic review was conducted on the literature published between 2008 and 2014 in the following databases: Scopus, Cuiden, I cercador plus, Teseo, Pubmed, Cinahl, Proquest Health and Medical Complete, and in the Google Academic search engine, about the use of technologies in caregivers. RESULTS: thirteen (13) articles were selected. The analysis of these articles has identified that: ITCs help non-professional caregivers to acquire knowledge and abilities, they are a means of communication that offers a useful social and cognitive stimulus, and also reduces the overload of caregivers, as well as their anxiety, stress, and conflicts within their family and/or marriage. Even though there are different personal support services available, caregivers will under-use them due to lack of time caused by looking after the patient, and also due to geographical limitations, difficulties to travel, and/or health problems. CONCLUSIONS: ITCs can contribute to an improvement in the quality of life of caregivers, and can become a new model of care. It is essential to design intervention programs using these technologies. There are few publications on this matter in Spain, particularly in terms of studies dealing with the efficacy of using technologies as a support for caregivers

Diagnosed, identified, current and complete depression among patients attending primary care in southern Catalonia: different aspects of the same concept.

The aims of this study were to explore the prevalence and the conceptualizations of depression detected by the healthcare system, identified by the patient or classified/identified in the validated Goldberg's questionnaire in a community. We conducted a cross-sectional evaluation of 317 patients. The different types of depression diagnosed, identified, current or total were stratified by age and gender groups. The difference in the conceptualization of depression from the medical or ordinary people point of view indicate that depression care requires the understanding of the lifestyle, beliefs, attitudes, family and social networks of the people the physicians and nurses care for.

Dificultades de integración social en personas depresivas con pensamientos de suicidio / Social integration difficulties in depressive people with suicidal thoughts

Justificación: el suicidio es un tema de reflexión para las ciencias médicas pero también para las ciencias sociales. Durkheim analiza el suicidio y describe el estado de anomia -sin normas-, en el cual la ciudadanía, como resultado de un cambio rápido, pierde su conexión con la sociedad y su fe en las reglas sociales y en las instituciones, llevando al individuo a la desesperación y al suicidio. Objetivo: identificar las dificultades de integración social en personas depresivas con pensamientos de suicidio. Metodología: se realiza un estudio cualitativo que forma parte de una investigación más amplia sobre depresión. Antes de realizar la entrevista administramos un cuestionario con datos sociodemográficos, datos sobre depresión y causas identificadas, así como también el test de ansiedad-depresión de Goldberg. Posteriormente se realiza una entrevista en profundidad que la hemos denominado historia de vida. Se realizan entrevistas a 66 personas diagnosticadas de depresión, 52 mujeres y 14 hombres previo consentimiento. De éstas se analizan las que han tenido ideas o intentos de suicidio. Resultados: en muchos de los entrevistados que han pensado o han intentado el suicidio lo que les ha impedido hacerlo es la familia y los hijos. Conclusión: el apoyo social es identificado como el principal factor que ha impedido el suicidio (AU)

Rationale: suicide is a subject of investigation for the medical sciences but also social sciences. Durkheim examines suicide and describes the state of anomie, without rules, in which citizenship as a result of rapid change, loses its connection with society and his belief in social rules and institutions, leading to individual despair and suicide. Objective: identify the social integration difficulties in depressive people with suicidal thoughts. Methodology: we performed a qualitative study is part of a broader research on depression. Before the interview administered a questionnaire with demographic data, data on depression and causes identified, as well as test anxiety-depression Goldberg. Subsequently we carried out an in depth interview that we call life story. Were interviewed 66 people diagnosed with depression, 52 women and 14 men consent. Of these are discussed that have ideas or suicide attempts. Results: in many-as respondents who have thought about or attempted suicide that has prevented them from doing so is the family and children. Conclusions: the social support is identified as the main factor that has prevented the suicide (AU)

¿Qué piensan los futurosprofesionales de Enfermeríasobre la inserción laboral? / What do future Nursing professionals think about job placement?

El inicio de toda actividad profesional provoca un alto nivel de estrés.Algunas de las causas fundamentales de dicho estrés en esta situación sonel entorno laboral desconocido y la percepción de inadecuada capacitaciónprofesional para afrontar con seguridad la práctica clínica.Objetivos: conocer el grado de seguridad y la necesidad de apoyo percibidoque manifiestan tener los estudiantes de tercer curso de Enfermeríade la Universidad Rovira i Virgili (URV) Campus Terres de l’Ebre(CTE), que están finalizando los estudios y que están a punto deincorporarse al mundo laboral.Metodología: estudio descriptivo y transversal; el instrumento utilizadopara la recogida de datos fue un cuestionario autoadminstrado diseñadoy validado para el presente estudio.Resultados: más de la mitad de los encuestados dicen sentirse insegurospara incorporarse al mundo laboral y las competencias para las queun mayor número de encuestados manifestaron que necesitaran ayuda fueron:“valorar, diagnosticar y abordar situaciones cambiantes”, “ayudaral paciente a cumplir el tratamiento y hacerlo partícipe”, “facilitar elproceso de adaptación/afrontamiento” y ”contribuir a garantizar la seguridady el proceso asistencial”; las prácticas clínicas de los estudiantesinfluyen en sus preferencias de los servicios para trabajar; todos losestudiantes consideraron positivo el tener un tutor que les facilite y ayudedurante el período de inserción laboral.Conclusiones: conocer la inseguridad percibida por la mayoría de estudiantesasí como la necesidad de ayuda percibida por parte de los futurosprofesionales noveles permitirá proponer acciones de mejora que favorezcanla inserción profesional y el proceso de acogida entre las enfermeras (AU)

The beginning of all professional activity causes high levels of stress. Someof the main causes of stress in this situation are an unknown work environmentand the perceived lack of adequate professional skills and expertiseto face clinical practice with confidence.Objectives: to ascertain the degree of confidence and the perceivedneed for support expressed by third year Nursing students of the Roviray Virgili University (URV) Campues Terres de l’Ebre (CTE), who arefinalizing their studies and about to join the professional job market.Methodology: descriptive and cross-sectional study; the instrumentused for data collection was a self-administered questionnaire specificallydesigned and validated for this study.Results: over half of the students who were surveyed claim they feel insecureabout joining the job market and the competences for which thehighest number of surveyed students feel they need the most help are: “Assessing,diagnosing and tackling changing situations”, “helping the patientto comply with treatment and involve him or her in the process”,“facilitating the adaptation/coping process” and “contributing to ensuringsafety and the care delivery process”; students’ clinical practicum workinfluences their preferences for the services they feel more inclined to workin; all students considered having a tutor who provided guidance and helpedthem throughout the job placement period a positive thing.Conclusions: by ascertaining the insecurity perceived by the majority ofstudents as well as the need for help perceived by some future first-timeprofessionals it will be possible to propose improvement measures that favourjob placement and the initial phases of job entry amongst nurses (AU)